词源词根小词典 我自编自用的高中单词教学词典，解析中学单词的词源、词根、词缀和相关文化常识，关联、助记大学单词，至2025年11月11日共 520 组。 字母排序 3个“名”词：name、noun、nominate 8个自反词/矛盾歧义词 a third/fifth wheel a.m.与p.m. a/an：先有a还是先有an？ abandon、ban → contraband、banish、bandit、banns absolute与solve的关系 abstract → contract abstract → traction accept → concept accept → intercept admire → admiral、emir adopt → optimism adopt，adapt，adept adult → adulterate adventure → adventitious、adventurous、advent adventure → venture、ventilator Ad和Astra：《星际探索》海报上的两个拉丁语单词 agent、 agency → agenda agent、agency → agile albeit alcohol，阿拉伯人的贡献 alien → alienate all → ally、alliance、alloy ally与rally alphabet为什么是“字母表”？ Altman → exalt am → amicable、amiable ambulance ambulance → ambulate、ambitious amoral与immoral amputate：从“剪枝”到“截肢” amuse an eye for an eyea tooth for a tooth ancestor与antecedent android与robot，不一样的“机器人” android：“安卓”是什么意思？ anecdote：秘史的秘史 angle → wrangle animal → animation、unanimous、animosity announce、pronounce → denounce、renounce ant → antagonist antic与“古怪”，绝美的巧合？ antique → antic approximately → proximity aptitude → ineptitude aquarium → aquanaut、aquatic、Aquarius arbitrary → arbiter、arbitrate、arbitrage arch → archbishop arch → archery arch → monarch arch → oligarch architect → patriarch arrange、range、rank art → artificial、artifact art → artillery art 为什么既是“艺术”又是“文科”？ artificial与fake，不一样的“假” ass → assassin assistant → persist、resist ATM为什么是“自动取款机”？ atrocity attain、obtain → abstain attain与obtain都是“获得”，有何区别？ attitude，aptitude，altitude与latitude audio → audit audi（奥迪）是什么意思？ austere auto → autodidact autonomous与anonymous aware → ward、wary ball → ballet、ballad ball → ballet、ballot bank → bankrupt base → debase bat → baton beach → beacon bed → embed beef不只是“牛肉” beer → beverage、imbibe benefit → benevolent、benefactor、benediction biology → biotic、antibiotic bite → bait black → blank blanket → blanch blow away不只是“吹走” bold → embolden bombshell boot → sabotage bouillon boy → buoy brand与brandy break → debris brief → abbreviation broadside brutal bump → bumper、bumpy bush → ambush Cambridge：剑桥非桥 camp、campus → campaign、champion、champagne can → canine、cynic canard candle → candidate candle → candor、candid caprice captain、capital →cadet、cadre cap为什么是“帽子”？ card → discard carnival → carnivore、carnation carnival：狂欢节的来历 chair和cathedral有什么关系？ character与characteristic，不一样的“特点” cherish → perish child → chide Christmas为什么是“圣诞节”？ circle → circumstance clue为什么是“线索”？ cock → cockpit coerce command与commend comma与coma communication → commutation competition→petition complement与compliment complex与perplex complex与“控” complicated → implicate comprehend → apprehend concubine与succumb condemn → goddamn confident → confide confident → fiduciary conflict → afflict、inflict congress → congregate、aggregate consequence → sequence construct → destruct、obstruct consult → consul、consulate contact → intact contact → tact contact → tactile contribute与attribute convenient → convene、convention counter credit → accredit credit → credible、credulous credit → incredible、incredulous crest crucial为什么是“关键的，至关重要的”？ cry → descry Cupid与cupidity Cupid和Jupiter，倒底哪个是“丘比特”？ currency → cryptocurrency current → concurrent debut December → decimal、decimate decrease → decease、cease defend → offend deft → daft degree → decree deny → defy depend → pendulum、suspend、append、appendix describe → prescribe、proscribe design → designate desire → desideratum dictation → diction、dictionary dictionary → dictation diehard different → differentiate different → indifferent disaster原是“灾星当头” discreet与discrete distinct与distinctive有何区别？ disturb → turbulent、turbid、turbo divide → individual divine dollar → buck dope dorm → dormant、dormancy、dormice downtown draw、drag → drawl、draught、dray education → conduce、deduce、induce effect → efficacious efficient → deficient、deficit electric原是“琥珀” employ → deploy encounter → countermeasure、counterfeit equal → equipoise、poise equal → equivalent eraser → raze error → aberrant error → aberration exhibit → inhibit、prohibit experience、experiment → peril explore → deplore、implore extend → contend face → facet、multifaceted faceless是“不要脸”吗？ fang fantasy → phantom fault → default female → effeminate female → feminine festival → feast、festoon finished与complete fire → ire、irritate fish → fiscal fix → fixate flame → flamboyant flank flat → deflat flat → flatter、inflate、deflate fold → unfold、enfold force → suffocate、faucet forge form → conform、conformity fort → fortify fragile → fraction、fragile fragile → fragment friend → fiend from → fro fruit → fruition game → gamble gene → antigen gene → cognate gene → genocide genius → genuine、ingenuous、ingenious geometry Germany → hegemony German与german get和forget有关系吗？ god → bigot God → gossip good与god有关系吗？ grade → degrade graduate不只是“毕业” gravity → aggravate grenade为什么是“手榴弹”？ ground → aground、agriculture guillotine hail hair与heir hard → arduous haul → overhaul heaven → haven her → adhere、cohere hide → hideous hole → hollow Holland，Dutch, Netherlands, 到底哪个是“荷兰”？ horror → abhor、abhorrent host → hospital、hospitable host → hotel、hostel、hospital、hospitable、hospitalize hostile human → humane human → humble human为什么是“人”？ icon → iconic illusion → delude illusion → disillusion illusion → illude、ludicrous、prelude illustrate → illuminate incident与precedent income → outgo、outcome incredible与unbelievable，“信”还是“不信”？ independent → indie indict → indite inoculate inspire → respire、aspire instead → stead interrupt → bankrupt、abrupt、erupt invade → evade、wade invaluable为什么不是“无价值”？——前缀in-的含义及变体 island → isular、insulate kid→kindergarten、kidnap kill → quell king → kinship、akin know → prognostication labor → elaborate laughter → slaughter legal → legislate、allege、allegedly legal与legislate level → lever、alleviate liberate → deliberate、deliberation light → enlighten limit → sublimate limit同源的4个单词 literate → reiterate live → enliven load → loaded logic → logistics longer → linger man → emanate man → mania mantle marry → marital、premarital mask → mascot mate → inmate math → aftermath meat and drink不是“酒肉” memorize → memorandum mercury：“水银”和“水星”为什么同名？ metre → metric metre → symmetry middle → meddle、mettle mind your p’s and q’s minimum → minimalism minister与master mirror → miracle、miraculous、mirage monk → monastery mortgage为什么又叫“死抵”？ mosaic mosquito muscle原是“小老鼠” Muse → bemuse necessary nice与silly night → ignite、ignition occupy → preoccupy odd与“奇”，绝美的巧合？ office → officiate、officious old为什么是“老”？ opportunity → opportune、opportunism oral → orate ounce → nuance Oxford，牛津无牛 page → propaganda Pan神的“恐怖” parachute → paramedic pardon → condone part → portion、apportion pass → impasse pass → impassible、impassable passion → compassion、compassionate passion → dispassion、dispassionate peace → appease perfect → defect permanent与prominent persecute与prosecute persuade与dissuade phone → antiphon phone → antiphon、anthem picture → pigment plain → plateau plane、plain和plate有关系吗？ plate → platitude point → appoint point → appoint、disappoint pot → potable、potion potable与portable potential → impotent pound的“磅”与“镑”这两个词义有关系吗？ praise → appraise press → impress、oppress prison → prise、reprise proceed与precede professor、professional → profess、confess progress → congress prohibit → inhibit prominent、eminent、imminent promise → compromise promptly → prompt、prompter proud → prowess provide → improvise pupil为什么既是“小学生”又是“瞳孔”？ put up with为什么是“忍受”？ pyjama quagmire quandary quarrel → querulous rail → derail rate指“价格”，与price有何不同？ rational → rationale recognise → reconnaissance、renaissance recommend → commend refer → referendum regard → disregard relate → elate relax → lax remain → remnant repair → irreparable resident → reside、residue respire → conspire respire → expire responsible与accountable，不一样的“负责” revenue与revenant roll → rotate、rotary Rome → romantic round → scrounge route → rout royal → regal rub → rubble、rubbish rude → erudite rude→crude salad：“沙拉”本是“咸菜” salmon → assault salt → salary、salad、saline satisfy → sate、satiate、insatiable scale → escalate、escalator scarce → scarcity、scarcely scene → scenario scrimp and save seat → unseat second → sequence、consequence、consecutive second有“第二”和“秒”两个含义，是巧合吗？ shame → sham shit happens siege → besieged sign → signify、significant silence → resilience similar → assimilate similar → facsimile similar → simile similar → simulate sincere sit → subside sit → subsidy skirt → outskirts slay smooth → soothe social → socialite solid → solidify solid → stolid speechless是“无语”吗？ spider → spinster spore → sporadically spring → sprout spy → espionage squander stake → at stake stand → stable stand → statue、statute stand → stature stark station → stationary、stationery、stationer sticktoitiveness string → stringent、strain suggest为什么跟doing而不是to do？ suit → sue sum → summon sur-与sub-，两个含义相反的前缀 swing → sway swing → swerve、unswerving table → tablet tail → curtail talker → stalker temper → tamper temple → contemplate tent → detente terror → deterrence the awful majesty of God是什么意思？ therapy → therapist、rapist、rape they timid timid → intimidate tned → extend、distend to do → ado top → topple torture → distort toxic → intoxicate tractor → distract trail → trailblazer transplant → transaction transport → import、export、deport、portable transport → transit、transition truant Uncle Sam与Columbia urban与urbane use → abuse use → uptake use → usurp、usurpation use是“用”，为什么be used to是“习惯于”？ Valentine’s Day veil → surveil、surveillance veil → unveil、reveal verb → verbose vers：一个中学缺失的高产词根 very → verify、verdict vest → invest、divest video → provident vigor → invigorate visit为什么是“参观，拜访”？ voice → convoke、revoke voice → evoke voice → invoke voice → provoke voice → vow、avow、disavow volleyball与volatile voyage → envoy want → wanton、wane wean weather → wither、wether weather、whether与wether window，风之眼 wipe → vibrate woe不是“我” won’t → wont workaround X开头的几个单词 “中国”为什么叫China？ “关注”“取关”“删除”“拉黑”怎么说？ “外卖”英语怎么说？ “大西洋”为什么是Atlantic？ “市中心”为什么叫downtown？ “师范大学”为什么是normal university？ “草”有4种：grass、lawn、weed、herb “葡萄”为什么是grape？ “铅”是lead，为什么元素符号是Pb？ 为什么“严惩”是throw the book？ 前缀ad-及其变体 前缀com-及其变体 前缀de-的含义与常用例词 前缀hyper与hypo 前缀ob-及其变体 前缀：ab-/abs- 后缀-ster 如何区分一个单词的形容词后缀是“-ant”还是“-ent”？ 最长的英语单词 英语中有两个mass 词义矛盾的7个单词 这些数学术语，本是普通单词 都是“汽油”，petrol与gas有何不同？ 时间排序 8个自反词/矛盾歧义词 rate指“价格”，与price有何不同？ attain与obtain都是“获得”，有何区别？ load → loaded abandon、ban → contraband、banish、bandit、banns good与god有关系吗？ art 为什么既是“艺术”又是“文科”？ mercury：“水银”和“水星”为什么同名？ ball → ballet、ballad counter proceed与precede cap为什么是“帽子”？ audio → audit ATM为什么是“自动取款机”？ android：“安卓”是什么意思？ sign → signify、significant limit同源的4个单词 promise → compromise invaluable为什么不是“无价值”？——前缀in-的含义及变体 visit为什么是“参观，拜访”？ assistant → persist、resist crucial为什么是“关键的，至关重要的”？ pyjama salad：“沙拉”本是“咸菜” window，风之眼 chair和cathedral有什么关系？ legal与legislate brief → abbreviation revenue与revenant meat and drink不是“酒肉” vest → invest、divest transport → import、export、deport、portable admire → admiral、emir pupil为什么既是“小学生”又是“瞳孔”？ satisfy → sate、satiate、insatiable animal → animation、unanimous、animosity disturb → turbulent、turbid、turbo remain → remnant X开头的几个单词 salt → salary、salad、saline alcohol，阿拉伯人的贡献 Pan神的“恐怖” mortgage为什么又叫“死抵”？ disaster原是“灾星当头” get和forget有关系吗？ prominent、eminent、imminent God → gossip sincere android与robot，不一样的“机器人” electric原是“琥珀” muscle原是“小老鼠” arrange、range、rank desire → desideratum 3个“名”词：name、noun、nominate absolute与solve的关系 “葡萄”为什么是grape？ urban与urbane depend → pendulum、suspend、append、appendix interrupt → bankrupt、abrupt、erupt quarrel → querulous German与german caprice invade → evade、wade host → hotel、hostel、hospital、hospitable、hospitalize arch → archery illusion → illude、ludicrous、prelude illustrate → illuminate nice与silly suggest为什么跟doing而不是to do？ clue为什么是“线索”？ “草”有4种：grass、lawn、weed、herb candle → candidate tned → extend、distend part → portion、apportion flat → flatter、inflate、deflate pot → potable、potion second → sequence、consequence、consecutive swing → swerve、unswerving fragile → fraction、fragile mirror → miracle、miraculous、mirage very → verify、verdict the awful majesty of God是什么意思？ page → propaganda 这些数学术语，本是普通单词 marry → marital、premarital exhibit → inhibit、prohibit dorm → dormant、dormancy、dormice complex与perplex graduate不只是“毕业” benefit → benevolent、benefactor、benediction circle → circumstance audi（奥迪）是什么意思？ weather、whether与wether therapy → therapist、rapist、rape use → usurp、usurpation use是“用”，为什么be used to是“习惯于”？ voice → vow、avow、disavow adventure → venture、ventilator fold → unfold、enfold prison → prise、reprise hostile voice → evoke tractor → distract beer → beverage、imbibe occupy → preoccupy necessary 英语中有两个mass pound的“磅”与“镑”这两个词义有关系吗？ complex与“控” competition→petition woe不是“我” 如何区分一个单词的形容词后缀是“-ant”还是“-ent”？ minister与master geometry 词义矛盾的7个单词 slay metre → metric seat → unseat bite → bait incident与precedent solid → stolid heaven → haven tent → detente timid auto → autodidact tail → curtail speechless是“无语”吗？ mask → mascot hole → hollow siege → besieged passion → compassion、compassionate experience、experiment → peril concubine与succumb black → blank blanket → blanch art → artificial、artifact grade → degrade an eye for an eyea tooth for a tooth attitude，aptitude，altitude与latitude blow away不只是“吹走” faceless是“不要脸”吗？ discreet与discrete suit → sue a/an：先有a还是先有an？ instead → stead mind your p’s and q’s pass → impasse pass → impassible、impassable game → gamble confident → confide am → amicable、amiable adventure → adventitious、adventurous、advent aware → ward、wary distinct与distinctive有何区别？ 前缀de-的含义与常用例词 bat → baton phone → antiphon、anthem ant → antagonist brand与brandy persuade与dissuade contribute与attribute Cambridge：剑桥非桥 comprehend → apprehend peace → appease angle → wrangle anecdote：秘史的秘史 communication → commutation complement与compliment ancestor与antecedent amoral与immoral amuse ambulance 前缀：ab-/abs- 前缀ad-及其变体 “市中心”为什么叫downtown？ math → aftermath guillotine won’t → wont prohibit → inhibit ally与rally praise → appraise flame → flamboyant king → kinship、akin Holland，Dutch, Netherlands, 到底哪个是“荷兰”？ all → ally、alliance、alloy flat → deflat talker → stalker error → aberration alien → alienate face → facet、multifaceted level → lever、alleviate albeit ground → aground、agriculture agent、agency → agile gravity → aggravate conflict → afflict、inflict Ad和Astra：《星际探索》海报上的两个拉丁语单词 progress → congress adult → adulterate mosaic longer → linger effect → efficacious ambulance → ambulate、ambitious candle → candor、candid old为什么是“老”？ table → tablet design → designate resident → reside、residue fire → ire、irritate monk → monastery adopt，adapt，adept adopt → optimism use → abuse a third/fifth wheel second有“第二”和“秒”两个含义，是巧合吗？ gene → genocide contact → tact dictionary → dictation different → indifferent divide → individual arbitrary → arbiter、arbitrate、arbitrage rail → derail command与commend complicated → implicate credit → incredible、incredulous host → hospital、hospitable mate → inmate Muse → bemuse consult → consul、consulate fruit → fruition condemn → goddamn legal → legislate、allege、allegedly station → stationary、stationery、stationer voyage → envoy squander debut ass → assassin dictation → diction、dictionary know → prognostication kid→kindergarten、kidnap dollar → buck trail → trailblazer grenade为什么是“手榴弹”？ press → impress、oppress currency → cryptocurrency current → concurrent carnival：狂欢节的来历 contact → tactile contact → intact carnival → carnivore、carnation describe → prescribe、proscribe verb → verbose convenient → convene、convention different → differentiate proud → prowess encounter → countermeasure、counterfeit string → stringent、strain want → wanton、wane education → conduce、deduce、induce genius → genuine、ingenuous、ingenious respire → conspire base → debase efficient → deficient、deficit accept → concept construct → destruct、obstruct terror → deterrence art → artillery attain、obtain → abstain arch → oligarch sum → summon bush → ambush voice → provoke torture → distort deny → defy minimum → minimalism card → discard parachute → paramedic aptitude → ineptitude captain、capital →cadet、cadre December → decimal、decimate memorize → memorandum regard → disregard voice → convoke、revoke human → humble human → humane fault → default phone → antiphon oral → orate opportunity → opportune、opportunism ball → ballet、ballot rude → erudite congress → congregate、aggregate similar → facsimile friend → fiend roll → rotate、rotary break → debris draw、drag → drawl、draught、dray aquarium → aquanaut、aquatic、Aquarius bump → bumper、bumpy equal → equipoise、poise force → suffocate、faucet error → aberrant horror → abhor、abhorrent office → officiate、officious inspire → respire、aspire hail vigor → invigorate rub → rubble、rubbish transport → transit、transition veil → surveil、surveillance announce、pronounce → denounce、renounce Altman → exalt passion → dispassion、dispassionate stand → statue、statute consequence → sequence labor → elaborate sit → subside form → conform、conformity metre → symmetry can → canine、cynic recognise → reconnaissance、renaissance timid → intimidate explore → deplore、implore her → adhere、cohere atrocity pardon → condone live → enliven rude→crude Rome → romantic biology → biotic、antibiotic relax → lax spy → espionage mantle antique → antic fort → fortify fix → fixate wean gene → cognate divine illusion → delude illusion → disillusion toxic → intoxicate spore → sporadically credit → accredit repair → irreparable light → enlighten inoculate sit → subsidy hard → arduous bed → embed wipe → vibrate refer → referendum stand → stature stand → stable similar → assimilate similar → simulate weather → wither、wether scrimp and save man → mania broadside fantasy → phantom silence → resilience income → outgo、outcome island → isular、insulate bold → embolden festival → feast、festoon picture → pigment bombshell confident → fiduciary veil → unveil、reveal transplant → transaction smooth → soothe route → rout plain → plateau plate → platitude plane、plain和plate有关系吗？ respire → expire volleyball与volatile spider → spinster video → provident extend → contend solid → solidify architect → patriarch arch → archbishop arch → monarch ounce → nuance scarce → scarcity、scarcely temple → contemplate cry → descry temper → tamper recommend → commend night → ignite、ignition female → feminine female → effeminate potential → impotent independent → indie haul → overhaul equal → equivalent eraser → raze swing → sway defend → offend professor、professional → profess、confess abstract → traction agent、 agency → agenda camp、campus → campaign、champion、champagne limit → sublimate potable与portable provide → improvise accept → intercept point → appoint approximately → proximity abstract → contract voice → invoke beach → beacon icon → iconic finished与complete similar → simile from → fro sticktoitiveness promptly → prompt、prompter skirt → outskirts scene → scenario fragile → fragment gene → antigen perfect → defect decrease → decease、cease employ → deploy responsible与accountable，不一样的“负责” scale → escalate、escalator middle → meddle、mettle permanent与prominent top → topple persecute与prosecute credit → credible、credulous boot → sabotage hair与heir autonomous与anonymous Christmas为什么是“圣诞节”？ “中国”为什么叫China？ bank → bankrupt artificial与fake，不一样的“假” 最长的英语单词 they alphabet为什么是“字母表”？ Oxford，牛津无牛 deft → daft Uncle Sam与Columbia downtown stake → at stake use → uptake salmon → assault indict → indite “外卖”英语怎么说？ comma与coma Valentine’s Day dope 前缀hyper与hypo crest “大西洋”为什么是Atlantic？ literate → reiterate degree → decree laughter → slaughter beef不只是“牛肉” “铅”是lead，为什么元素符号是Pb？ relate → elate kill → quell liberate → deliberate、deliberation brutal diehard bouillon workaround human为什么是“人”？ fang royal → regal forge coerce man → emanate cherish → perish stark hide → hideous canard spring → sprout cock → cockpit logic → logistics Germany → hegemony round → scrounge boy → buoy vers：一个中学缺失的高产词根 quagmire shame → sham rational → rationale quandary amputate：从“剪枝”到“截肢” social → socialite “师范大学”为什么是normal university？ shit happens mosquito point → appoint、disappoint sur-与sub-，两个含义相反的前缀 Cupid与cupidity a.m.与p.m. 后缀-ster truant flank god → bigot fish → fiscal austere 前缀ob-及其变体 前缀com-及其变体 to do → ado 都是“汽油”，petrol与gas有何不同？ character与characteristic，不一样的“特点” child → chide Cupid和Jupiter，倒底哪个是“丘比特”？ 为什么“严惩”是throw the book？ antic与“古怪”，绝美的巧合？ odd与“奇”，绝美的巧合？ incredible与unbelievable，“信”还是“不信”？ put up with为什么是“忍受”？ “关注”“取关”“删除”“拉黑”怎么说？